In the scientific community, publication ethics play an important role, as they are directly linked to trust in research and academic integrity. One of the controversial issues is self-plagiarism in scientific works – the reuse by an author of their own previously published text without proper citation. Is this normal? What are the opinions on this practice? What is the difference between self-plagiarism and self-citation? You will find the answers to these questions in our article.
What is self-plagiarism?
Self-plagiarism – is the reuse by an author of significant portions of their previously published text, data, or ideas in a new work without citing the source.
For example, a researcher may add a specific fragment from their previously published article to a new study without notifying the journal editors. Unlike plagiarism, which involves the appropriation of someone else's intellectual property, self-plagiarism is associated with a violation of ethical standards regarding the originality of scientific work.
There are several types of self-plagiarism, in particular:
- verbatim copying: adding text without changes;
- paraphrasing: using slightly modified text without referring to the original;
- republishing data: presenting the same results as new without indicating their previous use.
Such activity becomes a problem when the author presents reworked material as original, misleading editors, reviewers and readers.
Why does self-plagiarism cause controversy in the scientific community?
Self-plagiarism is controversial for several reasons. First, scientific publications are supposed to be novel and original. Reusing text or certain data can undermine the credibility of the work, as readers and editors expect each new article to make a unique contribution to science.
Second, such activity may violate copyright if the previously published material belongs to a publisher who retains the rights to the text.
On the other hand, there is an opinion that reusing one's own text is justified in certain cases. For example, descriptions of methodology or standard procedures may be similar in different works, and paraphrasing them may be impractical. However, even in such cases, it is necessary to directly refer to your previous publications to avoid accusations of unethical behaviour.
Self-citation: what is it and how to use it?
Self-citation is when an author mentions their previous works in a new publication with a corresponding reference to the source. Unlike self-plagiarism, self-citation is an ethically acceptable practice if used correctly. It allows you to:
- refer to previous research that formed the basis of the new work;
- ensure transparency about the origin of ideas or data;
- give readers the opportunity to follow the development of the author's research.
However, overuse of self-citation can also raise questions. Excessive citation of one's own work without necessity may be perceived as an attempt to artificially increase one's Hirsch index or create the appearance of research significance. This is particularly problematic if the cited works are not directly related to the current topic.
Self-citation should only be used when it is truly necessary, namely:
- To refer to previously published data or methods that are used in the new work.
- To clarify the context or justify new conclusions based on past results.
- To develop ideas that require further study.
- To compare the results of new research with a previous publication.
Self-plagiarism is a violation of scientific ethics. If you decide to reuse a specific part of a previously published article, be sure to cite its source. However, it is important to remember that self-citation is only acceptable when used reasonably and moderately.
If you want to publish your article in a scientific journal without violating scientific ethics, contact Scientific Publications. We will not only audit your article, but also help you choose a reliable journal and accompany you through all stages of the process. To receive a free consultation, please leave your contact details in the form below, and our manager will contact you shortly. Together towards new scientific achievements!
